{"id":1827,"date":"2022-11-09T08:35:32","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T06:35:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.michaud-export.com\/group\/how-to-reduce-technical-and-non-technical-losses-on-electrical-networks"},"modified":"2022-11-09T09:50:30","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T07:50:30","slug":"electrical-losses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.michaud-export.com\/group\/en\/electrical-losses","title":{"rendered":"Electrical losses : how to limit them ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Electrical losses are the difference between the volume of electricity generated (wind power, photovoltaic, power plant\u2026) and the volume consumed by customers.<\/p>\n

There are two categories of losses:
\n– Technical losses<\/b>, whose are inevitable because they depend of the transmission and distribution networks\u2019 structure.
\n– Non-technical losses<\/b>, whose relate to consumed but unregistered energy.<\/p>\n

They arise from defect, failure and energy metering fraud.<\/p>\n

Producers and distributors are very concerned by electrical losses: they have to limit them because they have to predict the purchase of the volume of electricity needed by consumers.<\/p>\n

These losses have a cost which is absorbed by grid system operator. Frequently, they pass the price on the consumers’ bills.<\/p>\n

There are big differences between countries: electrical losses represent approximately 7% for OECD\u2019s countries and 20% for some others. It can question the viability of a company’s business model.<\/p>\n

We can observe how important is the identification of electrical losses in order to deploy actions to reduce them. Let’s discover their specificities.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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Technical losses: understand the physical phenomena to optimize electrical networks<\/span><\/h2><\/h2><\/div>
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Technical losses are due to transmission and distribution of electricity.<\/p>\n<\/div>

The various types of technical losses<\/strong><\/span><\/h3><\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Joule’s law:<\/b> \u201cthe conversion of electric energy into heat energy by the resistance in a circuit. \u00bb (Source: Britannica.com)<\/i>. Losses are bigger if the density of electric current is high.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Corona discharge:<\/b>\u201cA corona discharge is an electrical discharge possible because of the ionization of air surrounding a conductor that is electrically charged.\u201d (Source: Georges Wypych, Handbook of Adhesion Promoters)<\/i>. This phenomenon occurs on high voltage power lines.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Iron losses:<\/b>\u201cIt is the power dissipated in the magnetic core subjected to a time varying magnetizing force. They are constant for a given applied voltage and unaffected by the load on the transformer.\u201d (Source : Classical and Recent Aspects of Power System Optimization, S. Tamil Selvi, … S. Rajasekar)<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

How to reduce technical losses?
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These losses come from natural phenomena and are unavoidable.<\/p>\n<\/div>

Adapting the architecture of networks
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Prefer electric transport via HV lines<\/b>. It allows to limit the losses. \u201cLosses scale with the square of a wire\u2019s current. That square factor means a tiny jump in current can cause a big bump in losses. Keeping voltage high lets us keep current, and losses, low.\u201d (Source: insideenergy.org)<\/i><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Reduce the distance covered by power lines by favoring decentralized production<\/b>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Reduce iron losses<\/strong> by modernize electrical transformer<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Adapt production to consumers habits to not produce electricity more than necessary. Distributors can use smart metering equipment<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

The choice of materials
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The distributor can limit electrical losses by modernizing networks. He has the possibility of:<\/p>\n