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<\/span><\/div><\/div>Grid stability: what is it?<\/span><\/h2><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Grid stability<\/strong> is ability to keep the same voltage and frequency values on the whole network.<\/p>\nOn the one hand, it is necessary to keep equal the injunction and withdrawal of current. In other words, electricity production has to correspond with the energy consumption.<\/p>\n
On other hand, the power line must be able to regain balance after a disturbance (technical, mechanical or weather incident, for example).<\/p>\n
If the electrical stability is not insured, the equipment might be damaged. Moreover, it can lead to a power failure on a part of the grid, or on the whole.<\/p>\n
It is very important to be able to continuously control voltage et frequency values in the power lines. There are some automatic and manual solutions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
The grid frequency stability<\/span><\/h3><\/h1><\/div>The frequency on most global networks is maintained around 50 Hertz<\/strong>. Several electric generators throughout the network allow alternating current to flow. Frequency increases when the energy produced is higher than the energy consumed. On the contrary, frequency decreases when more energy is consumed than produced.<\/p>\nTo maintain grid stability, it\u2019s necessary to take action continuously on production and consumption levels. Each transmission system operator (ex: RTE in France, Elia in Belgium, Swissgrid in Switzerland), dispose of balancing services<\/strong> (control reserve). These reserves are injected very quickly into the network via a three-step process.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Primary reserve<\/span><\/h4><\/h4><\/div>When the grid frequency stability is no longer established, the primary reserve is automatically activated by all participating power plants. Turbines will increase or decrease their power according to the encountered problem. This power production margin is called \u201cprimary reserve\u201d or \u201cFrequency Containment Reserve\u201d. This setting is very quick: the entire of the reserve of each power plant can be mobilized in less than 30 seconds.<\/p>\n
The setting influences the power production, so it modifies balances of control areas. In other words, all the power plants participate in the adjustment of the frequency, even if the instability does not occur in their geographical areas.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Secondary reserve<\/span><\/h4><\/h4><\/div>If the primary reserve is not enough to restore stability, power plants from the incident areas will automatically engage the secondary reserve (about 100 to 200 seconds).<\/p>\n
This sitting will :<\/p>\n
\n- Uses mainly the power of the secondary reserve of the concerned area<\/li>\n
- Restores the whole primary reserve of the entire network to act again if there is a new problem on the lines<\/li>\n
- Restores initially planned energy exchanges between the power plants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Tertiary reserve<\/span><\/h4><\/h4><\/div>In case of a lasting problem, power plants manually engage the tertiary reserve. Only some power plants engage this setting at a specific time (all of them are in the concerned area by the incident).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>
The power grid voltage stability<\/span><\/h3><\/h1><\/div>The voltage that flows through a power line depends on the type of the line:<\/p>\n
\n- Extra high voltage lines carry a current higher than 150 000 volts<\/li>\n
- High voltage lines carry a current higher than 30 000 volts<\/li>\n
- Medium voltage lines carry a current higher than 1 000 volts<\/li>\n
- Low voltage lines carry a current lower than 1000 volts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Grid stability<\/strong> is ability to keep the same voltage and frequency values on the whole network.<\/p>\n On the one hand, it is necessary to keep equal the injunction and withdrawal of current. In other words, electricity production has to correspond with the energy consumption.<\/p>\n On other hand, the power line must be able to regain balance after a disturbance (technical, mechanical or weather incident, for example).<\/p>\n If the electrical stability is not insured, the equipment might be damaged. Moreover, it can lead to a power failure on a part of the grid, or on the whole.<\/p>\n It is very important to be able to continuously control voltage et frequency values in the power lines. There are some automatic and manual solutions.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> The frequency on most global networks is maintained around 50 Hertz<\/strong>. Several electric generators throughout the network allow alternating current to flow. Frequency increases when the energy produced is higher than the energy consumed. On the contrary, frequency decreases when more energy is consumed than produced.<\/p>\n To maintain grid stability, it\u2019s necessary to take action continuously on production and consumption levels. Each transmission system operator (ex: RTE in France, Elia in Belgium, Swissgrid in Switzerland), dispose of balancing services<\/strong> (control reserve). These reserves are injected very quickly into the network via a three-step process.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> When the grid frequency stability is no longer established, the primary reserve is automatically activated by all participating power plants. Turbines will increase or decrease their power according to the encountered problem. This power production margin is called \u201cprimary reserve\u201d or \u201cFrequency Containment Reserve\u201d. This setting is very quick: the entire of the reserve of each power plant can be mobilized in less than 30 seconds.<\/p>\n The setting influences the power production, so it modifies balances of control areas. In other words, all the power plants participate in the adjustment of the frequency, even if the instability does not occur in their geographical areas.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> If the primary reserve is not enough to restore stability, power plants from the incident areas will automatically engage the secondary reserve (about 100 to 200 seconds).<\/p>\n This sitting will :<\/p>\n In case of a lasting problem, power plants manually engage the tertiary reserve. Only some power plants engage this setting at a specific time (all of them are in the concerned area by the incident).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div> The voltage that flows through a power line depends on the type of the line:<\/p>\nThe grid frequency stability<\/span><\/h3><\/h1><\/div>
Primary reserve<\/span><\/h4><\/h4><\/div>
Secondary reserve<\/span><\/h4><\/h4><\/div>
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Tertiary reserve<\/span><\/h4><\/h4><\/div>
The power grid voltage stability<\/span><\/h3><\/h1><\/div>
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